In addition to sunstroke and dehydration, extreme heat can trigger various medical conditions that may remain dormant or manageable in cooler climates. From neurological issues to cardiovascular stress, healthcare professionals warn that high temperatures can reveal symptoms in individuals who might not even realise they are at risk.
Those most at risk include individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS), a neurological disorder that impacts the central nervous system and currently has no cure. In the UAE, approximately 19 out of every 100,000 people are affected by MS, and for them, the heat can be particularly disruptive.
“Research indicates that between 60 and 80 percent of individuals with multiple sclerosis experience a worsening of symptoms—such as fatigue, mobility challenges, and visual disturbances—when their body temperature increases,” explained Professor Anu Jacob, Director of Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology at Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi and a member of the National Multiple Sclerosis Society Medical Advisory Committee. “This effect is more pronounced in those with existing impairments.”
Uhthoff’s phenomenon occurs when an increase in body temperature hampers signal transmission in already damaged nerves. “Although the worsening of symptoms is temporary, it can significantly affect a person’s daily life and overall wellbeing. Symptoms typically improve with cooling and rest. It’s crucial to differentiate this from a true flare-up, which usually lasts more than 24 hours,” Jacob noted.
To alleviate these effects, experts suggest staying hydrated, utilizing cooling aids like vests and fans, avoiding peak heat hours, and incorporating rest periods into daily routines.
“Hydration is beneficial for individuals with MS as it supports the body’s natural cooling mechanisms, helps regulate internal temperature, and lowers the risk of heat-related flare-ups. It also aids in managing bladder function and cognitive performance,” Jacob added.
The UAE has made significant progress in creating more accessible environments for those with chronic conditions. “The UAE is fortunate to provide thoughtfully designed spaces, such as shaded public areas and accessible indoor cooling zones, which are essential for protecting individuals living with chronic conditions like MS,” he stated.
To capitalize on this momentum, the National MS Society has recently introduced the Universal Design for Inclusion Programme. This initiative collaborates with six prominent universities in the UAE to involve students and faculty in creating accessibility-first solutions throughout their campuses.
Emergency physicians are also witnessing the widespread impact of the heatwave.
“With rising temperatures, we are experiencing a significant increase in heat-related cases in the emergency department, particularly dehydration, heat exhaustion, and in more severe cases, heat stroke and acute kidney injury,” stated Dr. Pradeep, an Emergency Medicine Specialist at Medcare Royal Specialty Hospital in Al Qusais.
“Patients with chronic conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS), heart disease, and kidney disease are particularly vulnerable. Heat can worsen fatigue and neurological symptoms in MS patients. For those with heart conditions, the additional strain on the heart from dehydration and electrolyte imbalances can lead to serious complications. Likewise, individuals with compromised kidney function may find it difficult to manage fluid and sodium levels, heightening the risk of acute kidney stress or failure,” he added.
The ER team advises individuals to refrain from outdoor activities between 11 a.m. and 4 p.m. and wear breathable clothing and keep their indoor spaces cool. “If someone experiences heat-related symptoms such as confusion, fainting, a rapid heartbeat, or stops sweating, it’s vital to seek immediate medical assistance,” stated Dr. Pradeep.
While many public health alerts primarily target adults, children with chronic neurological conditions are also at risk. Layla, a mother of a 10-year-old boy with epilepsy, shares that she plans their entire summer around avoiding the extreme heat of the Gulf.
“In the UAE summer, I limit his outdoor time, even though he wants to play and be active. His seizures worsen when he overheats,” she explained. “For the past few years, we’ve made it a priority to travel to cooler places every July or August, allowing him to enjoy the outdoors without constant worry.”
Experts emphasize that early intervention and preventive measures are crucial for vulnerable populations. As climate-related health issues continue to escalate worldwide, raising public awareness and implementing inclusive city planning may become as important as medical interventions.
